03.DEC.2020.-07.FEB.2021.
Text / Curating : Hyukgue Kwon
Graphic Design : Ted Hyunhak Yoon
Artwork Installation : Minseok Choi
Hosted by Museumhead
NAME
Oh Romeo, Romeo! Wherefore art thou Romeo? Deny thy father and refuse thy name.
– From Romeo and Juliet (William Shakespeare)
A name distinguishes a person from someone else. From baptismal names to memorial speeches, names categorize innumerable beings and, ultimately, the world. A name does not age with the passing of time. Rather, it endures as a system that solidifies the identity of things that can (or, sometimes, cannot) be identified.
Nevertheless, as the line in a famous play goes, it cannot be a hand, foot, arm, or face. Even if a person changes their name, the person and the world that they inhabit are the same. The “marker” that I am given, regardless of my wishes, to differentiate me from someone else not only divides me from the other person: it is also a collective term for a person and their many other internal selves. A name, based on many conditions (like nationality, gender, age, and race) that somehow always feel foreign, alternately chases us down and tries to convince us to accept it—the marker of an identity that does not feel like it is mine.
The self has, over the years, changed names many times and, in some cases, gained a string of parenthetic additions. During this time, it has also constantly adjusted (with success or failure) to the discrepancies between it and one or more of its names—an attempt to update the gaps between groundless demands and the fixed identity and a constant questioning of whether this forced hierarchy of power is coming from oneself. Today, the self, which technically is the agent of one’s name, is—like Sisyphus having to roll a stone up a hill for eternity, only to have it come back to him each time—losing impetus. In a pluralistic society, the individual is always the subject of categorization, a state of “being different,” and respect. The problem is neither being different nor respect but the indiscriminate eruption (and acceptance) of the self. Neoliberalism and globalization, two recently-exploded bombs that sound sophisticated and rational, take on two contradictory roles: they ardently support the self while also swallowing the self’s identity.
The age of mass production does not overflow only with material goods. It is also inundated with “mes,” which, like art, politics, and religion, become incapacitated the more they flow out. Social media declarations of self-love, pity, hate and delusions have far less value than photos of kittens and puppies. The name that hangs above all of these things—which can be destroyed or replicated at will—is like a temporary sign which implies that the account’s owner can leave the social media stratosphere any time. In the year 2020, a moment in time replete with contactless/online environments and demands for the advancement (and control) of technology, the name is again being dispelled through an explosion of meaninglessness. In an age in which names and bodies are increasingly stripped of meaning, does the individual have to passively accept the loss of one’s home? Do we have to become accustomed to the dreary idea of the “ready-made person,” who is existing in minutes and hours that can no longer be generalized?
Name begins with the names of its featured artists—Eve Kwak, Sungsil Ryu, Eu Sung Lee, Fanhee Lee, Soojung Jung, Iida Choi, and Heneyl Choi—and starts from the name: the ill-fitting ID that is given to the individual. The artists, who were simply asked to create something on their name, reveal, in their unique ways, a part of themselves. They decide what to visualize, how to visualize it, and the context in which that part of themselves will be put into. The exhibition adapts the concept of the name as a divider of the self with the outside and other selves to an old visual art format: the self-portrait. Through the display of the strategies employed for such adaptations, visitors can explore the exhibited/performed self more clearly.
The exhibition does not unconditionally advocate excessive displays of private egos or romantic attempts at self-exploration in an immaterial world. But this is where it begins. By starting at a point that the exhibition does not support, the exhibition acknowledges the artists as individual “performers” and encourages the stage direction of their work. The artist stages a part of themselves for an exhibition: the visitor, even after knowing that the display is staged, associates it with the artist’s ego or something personal. In this case, the self is nothing more than exhibition-geared output. It is not the “real” ego. In a conventional exhibition, the self/name is much closer to a dramatic stage effect.
Ultimately, an exhibition is a collection of staged egos/selves. Does this, then, mean that “staging,” “exhibition,” and “performances” are problematic and unethical? Whether staged or not, the individual is revealed while closely intertwined with a certain situation or conditions. This exhibition’s title implies that, by showing the artist as a stage director, it actually strives to describe the self with complete honesty in a very dedicated and ethical way. The visitor is not an isolated being or romantic individual/agent: they become acquainted with the concrete self, which is revealed through its relationships with outside factors or art-related mediums and see how this self exists alongside other agents and how it lives here and now. Through this self, the visitor can visualize an entity who is very real and concrete, despite having been rejected by our times. As such, the exhibition does two things: 1) identify the meaninglessness of the “dramatization of identity,” which is increasingly becoming a prototypical format of the 21st century, to re-position the self as an agent in a concrete context who intervenes in what happens here and now and 2) invite us to see the present age—immaterial swaths of time that defy definition—not as an outpouring of pluralism but the thought process of an agent who is very much a product of their times.
Name asks the name its name. Even if not a character in a play, a person’s name often serves as a mask. The featured artists, through their names, offer explanations of themselves and their art. They also reject and denounce their names. I hope visitors take some time to imagine these names (and what is behind them). I hope they can, by flipping over (if only briefly) the “mask”—the mechanisms of society in the individual that are well-manicured on the outside—discover the points at which artists’ names do not fit perfectly into the framework required by society. I hope that they see this exhibition as a space that displays variations of individuals who live in the here and now and in which individuals who do not declare a death sentence on themselves are revitalized. We take time to invent names for extinct dinosaurs and to photograph racing cars. Isn’t the premise of this exhibition, then, also worthy of our time?
Eve Kwak is interested in boxes, containers, and buildings, based on which she creates frameworks and spaces that touch, store, look at the underside of, and remember various objects. They are not so much storage containers that are filled with concrete images or objects, but “lots” or spaces” that are not overfilling with content and whose boundaries are easily altered. In this exhibition, Kwak features printing paper, which is usually used as the framework for something else in KWAKeve. The framework she presents is, as always, the doorway to a different space and time that spreads beyond conventional standards/partitions. KWAKeve is made up of sheets of A2 paper, each of which has been partially cut into the vowels and consonants (in Hangeul) that spell the artist’s name and then taped to the wall so that their sides touch. The shapes, which still represent sounds but are stripped of meaning, take on new meanings by being juxtaposed in Kwak’s way and collectively create something that museumgoers can appreciate as “art.” As she states in her Artist’s Note (“A name only has meaning to someone who knows it”), an object’s shape is distinguishable only if one takes an interest in said object. Paper that is used as a backdrop, when attached to the solid, similarly-colored walls of the exhibition venue, is both the main character and something that is able to “frame” its surroundings. The artwork, which has brought winter’s gray inside the art museum, take impressions and experiences that are not yet over or have been extended—like the time of Eve (whose name is a palindrome)—into a new space and time. Things in our present, like the vowels and consonants in Kwak’s artwork, are not solitary objects. They are linked to one another as outlines, frames, and spaces.
Sungsil Ryu presents her name as a totem, like the ones used by premodern, patrilineal societies. For Ryu, a person’s name is a symbol of the familial and patriarchal system that is imbued with a power that transcends even death. The artist, who is listed in her family tree as a member of a particular sect of a certain generation of a certain sect of the Ryu clan, was told from a young age—like many Korean children—that she must become an extraordinary person who brings honor to the family name. She began to question this dictum after realizing that the name she was given is far from lofty or extraordinary. If you scan the QR code that appears in the monitor and access the page that appears, you will see an old man who look like a character from an outdated childhood video game. This 80s/90s arcade game aesthetic makes it abundantly clear that the old man is a long-dead ancestor. He makes a few jokes that are as trite as the edict often stressed to Korean children (along the lines of “you must, as the descendant of a family that has produced a long line of scholars and is innately blessed with an eye for the arts, always be thankful and proud to be a member of the 00 family”) but, somehow, makes us laugh at them. This character also makes us think about what, if anything, our ancestors, for whom their surname was a badge of pride and honor, have done for their modern-day descendants and whether they still, even in the afterlife, dream of achieving prosperity through their children’s children. The character, with whom visitors will find themselves mildly exasperated with but, at the same time, unable to write off completely and wonder whether it is a future version of themselves, keeps replicating himself while scattering QR codes that promote worldly goals. In this respect, the kitschy ancestor in Never Ending Family continues the family line via smartphone.
Eu Sung Lee sees a new movement and sense of time in objects that are sturdy and have a clear outline. If something is perceived through language and image, it is because it has, through the proliferation and application of written language and visual sensitivity to a large number of people, become established as a widely-accepted notion. In other words, the referential power of language and images is the outcome of an abstract generalization of the characteristics that multiple subjects have in common. Lee links the act of converting generalized unclearness into concrete objects/shapes with his name, Eu Sung (the pronunciation is usually spelled “yuseong,” which means “meteor” or “shooting star”). Decceleration Container and Dragonfly Speed, both of which are featured in this exhibition, are made with objects that represent speed and mobility. In Lee’s works, these objects are suspended in motion. Like the ski boots of Slow Love, they can be a love of racing that was discarded long ago, a cross-section of a fleeting moment of dynamism, or a wide-open world of potential. Or, like Lee’s night runs that he does while wearing a mask, they may be our disappointment about the difficulty of movement (caused by the COVID-19 pandemic). Lee’s work is like a small shooting star in one corner of the exhibition venue. It makes us think about what it would be like to share our stories and experiences with one another and then re-disperse in different directions. The work of turning generalized unclearness into clearly-visible division is supported by the acts of making, carving, cutting, and shaping. A shooting star, which draws an arc of light as soon as it enters the stratosphere, cannot be owned. It can, however, be seen by anyone or prayed to for good luck.
Fanhee Lee explores the two-dimensionality, formats, and three-dimensionality of painting that relegate the relationship between image and a system of meaning to second-class status. The rapture (fanhee, or hwanhee, means “rapture” in Korean) of the painting or surface that Lee describes as the “perfect form” refers to different materials and formats and has a different history per artistic genre: all, however, ultimately share the goal of ridding the artwork of context. If you were to ask a shape or format that is being shed of meaning what its name is, what would it say? How would a surface that was made with the goal of perfection of form/shape define itself? In this exhibition, Lee offers visitors a summary of the “shape game” that he has played with his art thus far. First, the artist makes a sketch on a rectangle (of arbitrary proportions) of several key shapes from his previous artworks. In the process of transferring the sketch to a canvas, he adjusts the dimensions and locations of the shapes to create a sense of dimensionality. This process, which can require Lee to go through more than one canvas, simultaneously visualizes key elements of his previous work while revealing the minute discrepancies of movement that occur with each successive canvas to achieve a new shape that is closer to perfection than the last. Lee compares the process to a cutting (plant’s leaf or stem that is cut off and planted elsewhere for propagation), ultimately showing that the perfect shape is an (anti)-historical protocol in which shapes of the past are repeatedly improved or re-designed to create an “index” of shapes.
Soojung Jung’s paintings blend events that are difficult to understand or explain with the artist’s imaginings. Accidents reported on the news, incidents in Jung’s daily environment, and subjects of gossip are the source from which Jung draws the images she will use to establish a multi-layered world of time and discourse. The people who are involved in these accidents are mostly women. In Jung’s paintings, they appear as mysterious beings (such as an imaginary hero or villain) who transcends conventional “cases/examples” or notions. For this exhibition, Jung focused not on outside incidents but her inner turmoil as the basis for her images of women. Several women in wedding dresses run alongside animals—in complete disregard for the inconvenience of long, flowing fabric—through a world teeming with flowers and wildlife. The area occupied by the bird, which takes up half of the canvas, seems to show, with its entire body, that they can leave the disappointing present world whenever they wish. The aerial perspective and the lightly applied layers of flowing paint create a sense of video footage-like reality and temporality that reduces the “height” from which the subjects were painted. By being able to see half of the painting (the bird) from up-close, the viewer will feel less psychological distance with the subjects and, thereby, be able to focus on imagining what the women are running toward or feeling—as their faces are just barely hidden from view. Jung’s work relocates the word “sujeong” (which means “crystal” in Korean but is also a common female name) and the owner of this name—herself—within a very different world.
Iida Choi’s art sends epistles to nameless creations and receives answers from unnamed voices. Entitled (2015), which began as a letter to an unnamed recipient, shares the artist’s ideas about what is entailed by a named. A name not selected by one’s will reveals a reification of the individual and rejection of its enforcement. The recipient is “Frankenstein,” a life form that is remembered by the name of its creator. Calling (2020) is a reply received for the long-forgotten letter from an unknown person. Someone who does not appear on the screen states a Korean saying: “A tiger leaves its hide when it dies, but a person leaves his name.” The person seeks out the letter’s sender, “Iida,” who rejected her name, and receives instead the new name “Lia (裡雅).” Lia’s name shares the same Hangeul consonants (‘ㅣ’ and ‘ㅏ’) as “Iida,” a predicative particle: in other words, a word that has no meaning on its own. For Lia, who has overcome the fear of Frankenstein, a name is not role play: rather, it is much like a game. The rules that are associated with names/naming are still valid, but there is no longer anyone to answer the question of who the name’s agent is. For Lia, who has killed Albrecht Dürer’s Rhinoceros and crossed the crosswalk of fate, a name is nothing more than a device to gain time. Lia will, of course, have to be wary of the foolish people who are enraged by the use of their name as a profanity.
Heneyl Choi’s work is made up of two statues on his name (heneyl means “sky” in Korean and is also a common male or female name) that have been positioned to face one another. The Creator of Form: Standard, which seems to be a male sculptor wearing a baseball hat and holding a Styrofoam cutter in one hand, raises his middle finger at The Destroyer of Form: Bulky. The obscene gesture may be directed to those things that pretend to be sculptures or an expression of disillusionment about his profession. The two sculptures each represent the formative and abstract worlds—two worlds that cannot overlap. At first glance, the two seem to be on parallel tracks, like creation and destruction, format and content, movement and stopping, and left and right.
Kwon Hyukgue